<h2>Ada Lovelace</h2>

<p>From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</p>

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<figure class="table">
	<table>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<th colspan="2">

					<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Honourable"><strong>The Right
								Honourable</strong></a></p>

					<p><strong>The Countess of Lovelace</strong></p>
				</th>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th colspan="2">
					<figure class="image"><img
							src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ada_Byron_daguerreotype_by_Antoine_Claudet_1843_or_1850_-_cropped.png/220px-Ada_Byron_daguerreotype_by_Antoine_Claudet_1843_or_1850_-_cropped.png"
							alt="Ada Byron daguerreotype by Antoine Claudet 1843 or 1850 - cropped.png"
							srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ada_Byron_daguerreotype_by_Antoine_Claudet_1843_or_1850_-_cropped.png/330px-Ada_Byron_daguerreotype_by_Antoine_Claudet_1843_or_1850_-_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Ada_Byron_daguerreotype_by_Antoine_Claudet_1843_or_1850_-_cropped.png/440px-Ada_Byron_daguerreotype_by_Antoine_Claudet_1843_or_1850_-_cropped.png 2x"
							sizes="100vw" width="220"></figure>

					<p>A c. 1843 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daguerreotype">daguerreotype</a> by <a
							href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Claudet">Antoine Claudet</a><a
							href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-blogbutfromboldian-1">[1]</a></p>
				</th>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Born</th>
				<th>

					<p>The Hon. Augusta Ada Byron</p>

					<p>10 December 1815<br>&nbsp;</p>

					<p>London, England</p>
				</th>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Died</th>
				<th>

					<p>27 November 1852 (aged&nbsp;36)<br>&nbsp;</p>

					<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylebone">Marylebone</a>, London, England</p>
				</th>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Resting place</th>
				<th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_Magdalene,_Hucknall">Church of St. Mary
						Magdalene, Hucknall</a>, Nottingham, England</th>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Known&nbsp;for</th>
				<th>Mathematics, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing">computing</a></th>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Spouse(s)</th>
				<th><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_King-Noel,_1st_Earl_of_Lovelace">William King-Noel,
						1st Earl of Lovelace</a><br>(m.&nbsp;1835)</th>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<th>Children</th>
				<th>
					<ul>
						<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_King-Noel,_Viscount_Ockham">Byron King-Noel,
								Viscount Ockham</a> and 12th Baron Wentworth</li>
						<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Blunt,_15th_Baroness_Wentworth">Anne Blunt, 15th
								Baroness Wentworth</a></li>
						<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_King-Milbanke,_2nd_Earl_of_Lovelace">Ralph
								King-Milbanke, 2nd Earl of Lovelace</a></li>
					</ul>
				</th>
			</tr>
		</tbody>
	</table>
</figure>

<p><strong>Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace</strong> (<i>née</i> <strong>Byron</strong>; 10 December 1815&nbsp;–
	27 November 1852) was an English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>'s proposed mechanical general-purpose
	computer, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine">Analytical Engine</a>. She was the first to
	recognise that the machine had applications beyond pure calculation, and published the first <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm">algorithm</a> intended to be carried out by such a machine. As a
	result, she is sometimes regarded as the first to recognise the full potential of a "<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_machine">computing machine</a>" and one of the first computer <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer">programmers</a>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis2003-2">[2]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-Lovelace_Google-4">[4]</a></p>

<p>Augusta Byron was the only legitimate child of poet <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron">Lord Byron</a>
	and his wife <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Byron">Lady Byron</a>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-5">[5]</a> All of <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron#Children">Byron's other children</a> were born out of wedlock to
	other women.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-ABCL-6">[6]</a> Byron separated from his
	wife a month after Ada was born and left England forever four months later. He commemorated the parting in a poem
	that begins, "Is thy face like thy mother's my fair child! ADA! sole daughter of my house and heart?".<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-7">[7]</a> He died of disease in the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> when Ada was eight
	years old. Her mother remained bitter and promoted Ada's interest in mathematics and logic in an effort to prevent
	her from developing her father's perceived <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insanity">insanity</a>. Despite
	this, Ada remained interested in Byron, naming her two sons Byron and Gordon. Upon her eventual death, she was
	buried next to him at her request. Although often ill in her childhood, Ada pursued her studies assiduously. She
	married <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_King-Noel,_1st_Earl_of_Lovelace">William King</a> in 1835.
	King was made Earl of Lovelace in 1838, Ada thereby becoming Countess of Lovelace.</p>

<p>Her educational and social exploits brought her into contact with scientists such as <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Crosse">Andrew Crosse</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brewster">Sir David Brewster</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> and the author <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, contacts which she used to further her
	education. Ada described her approach as "poetical science"<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToole1998234%E2%80%93235-8">[8]</a> and
	herself as an "Analyst (&amp; Metaphysician)".<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToole1998156%E2%80%93157-9">[9]</a></p>

<p>When she was a teenager, her mathematical talents led her to a long working relationship and friendship with fellow
	British mathematician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>, who is known as
	"the father of computers". She was in particular interested in Babbage's work on the Analytical Engine. Lovelace
	first met him in June 1833, through their mutual friend, and her private tutor, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Somerville">Mary Somerville</a>.</p>

<p>Between 1842 and 1843, Ada translated an article by Italian military engineer <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Menabrea">Luigi Menabrea</a> on the calculating engine, supplementing
	it with an elaborate set of notes, simply called <i>Notes</i>. These notes contain what many consider to be the
	first computer program—that is, an algorithm designed to be carried out by a machine. Other historians reject this
	perspective and point out that Babbage's personal notes from the years 1836/1837 contain the first programs for the
	engine.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Lovelace's notes are important in
	the early <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computers">history of computers</a>. She also developed
	a vision of the capability of computers to go beyond mere calculating or number-crunching, while many others,
	including Babbage himself, focused only on those capabilities.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis200319,_25-11">[11]</a> Her
	mindset of "poetical science" led her to ask questions about the Analytical Engine (as shown in her notes) examining
	how individuals and society relate to technology as a collaborative tool.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-ABCL-6">[6]</a></p>

<p>She died of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_cancer">uterine cancer</a> in 1852 at the age of 36.</p>
<h2><strong>Contents</strong></h2>
<ul>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Biography">1Biography</a>
		<ul>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Childhood">1.1Childhood</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Adult_years">1.2Adult years</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Education">1.3Education</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Death">1.4Death</a></li>
		</ul>
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Work">2Work</a>
		<ul>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#First_computer_program">2.1First computer
					program</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Insight_into_potential_of_computing_devices">2.2Insight
					into potential of computing devices</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Controversy_over_her_actual_contribution">2.3Controversy
					over her actual contribution</a></li>
		</ul>
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#In_popular_culture">3In popular culture</a>
		<ul>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#1810s">3.11810s</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#1970s">3.21970s</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#1990s">3.31990s</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#2010s">3.42010s</a></li>
			<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#2020s">3.52020s</a></li>
		</ul>
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Commemoration">4Commemoration</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Bicentenary">5Bicentenary</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Publications">6Publications</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Publication_history">7Publication history</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#See_also">8See also</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Notes">9Notes</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#References">10References</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Sources">11Sources</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#Further_reading">12Further reading</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#External_links">13External links</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Biography</h2>
<h3><strong>Childhood</strong></h3>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Miniature_of_Ada_Byron.jpg/220px-Miniature_of_Ada_Byron.jpg"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Miniature_of_Ada_Byron.jpg/330px-Miniature_of_Ada_Byron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Miniature_of_Ada_Byron.jpg/440px-Miniature_of_Ada_Byron.jpg 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="220"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Ada Byron, aged four</p>

<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron">Lord Byron</a> expected his child to be a "glorious boy" and was
	disappointed when <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Byron">Lady Byron</a> gave birth to a girl.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney197235-12">[12]</a> The child was named
	after Byron's half-sister, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_Leigh">Augusta Leigh</a>, and was called
	"Ada" by Byron himself.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198517-13">[13]</a> On 16 January 1816,
	at Lord Byron's command, Lady Byron left for her parents' home at <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkby_Mallory">Kirkby Mallory</a>, taking their five-week-old daughter with
	her.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney197235-12">[12]</a> Although English
	law at the time granted full custody of children to the father in cases of separation, Lord Byron made no attempt to
	claim his parental rights,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198516-14">[14]</a> but did request that
	his sister keep him informed of Ada's welfare.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley199980-15">[15]</a></p>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ada_Lovelace_child_portrait_Somerville_College.jpg/220px-Ada_Lovelace_child_portrait_Somerville_College.jpg"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ada_Lovelace_child_portrait_Somerville_College.jpg/330px-Ada_Lovelace_child_portrait_Somerville_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ada_Lovelace_child_portrait_Somerville_College.jpg/440px-Ada_Lovelace_child_portrait_Somerville_College.jpg 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="220"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Ada Byron, aged seven, by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_d%27Orsay">Alfred d'Orsay</a>, 1822, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford">Somerville College, Oxford</a>.</p>

<p>On 21 April, Lord Byron signed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deed_of_separation">deed of separation</a>,
	although very reluctantly, and left England for good a few days later.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney197236%E2%80%9338-16">[16]</a> Aside
	from an acrimonious separation, Lady Byron continued throughout her life to make allegations about her husband's
	immoral behaviour.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley199974%E2%80%9377-17">[17]</a> This
	set of events made Lovelace infamous in Victorian society. She did not have a relationship with her father. He died
	in 1824 when she was eight years old. Her mother was the only significant parental figure in her life.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-Turney_p._138-18">[18]</a> Lovelace was not shown the
	family portrait of her father until her 20th birthday.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley199910-19">[19]</a></p>

<p>Lovelace did not have a close relationship with her mother. She was often left in the care of her maternal
	grandmother Judith, Hon. Lady Milbanke, who doted on her. However, because of societal attitudes of the time—which
	favoured the husband in any separation, with the welfare of any child acting as mitigation—Lady Byron had to present
	herself as a loving mother to the rest of society. This included writing anxious letters to Lady Milbanke about her
	daughter's welfare, with a cover note saying to retain the letters in case she had to use them to show maternal
	concern.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley199985%E2%80%9387-20">[20]</a>
	In one letter to Lady Milbanke, she referred to her daughter as "it": "I talk to it for your satisfaction, not my
	own, and shall be very glad when you have it under your own."<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley199986-21">[21]</a> Lady Byron had her
	teenage daughter watched by close friends for any sign of moral deviation. Lovelace dubbed these observers the
	"Furies" and later complained they exaggerated and invented stories about her.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999119-22">[22]</a></p>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ada_Byron_aged_seventeen_%281832%29.jpg/200px-Ada_Byron_aged_seventeen_%281832%29.jpg"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ada_Byron_aged_seventeen_%281832%29.jpg/300px-Ada_Byron_aged_seventeen_%281832%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ada_Byron_aged_seventeen_%281832%29.jpg/400px-Ada_Byron_aged_seventeen_%281832%29.jpg 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="200"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Ada Byron, aged seventeen, 1832</p>

<p>Lovelace was often ill, beginning in early childhood. At the age of eight, she experienced headaches that obscured
	her vision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198517-13">[13]</a> In June
	1829, she was paralysed after a bout of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles">measles</a>. She was
	subjected to continuous bed rest for nearly a year, something which may have extended her period of disability. By
	1831, she was able to walk with crutches. Despite the illnesses, she developed her mathematical and technological
	skills.</p>
<blockquote>

	<p>When Ada was twelve years old, this future "Lady Fairy", as Charles Babbage affectionately called her, decided
		she wanted to fly. Ada Byron went about the project methodically, thoughtfully, with imagination and passion.
		Her first step, in February 1828, was to construct wings. She investigated different material and sizes. She
		considered various materials for the wings: paper, oilsilk, wires, and feathers. She examined the <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy_of_birds">anatomy of birds</a> to determine the right proportion
		between the wings and the body. She decided to write a book, <i>Flyology,</i> illustrating, with plates, some of
		her findings. She decided what equipment she would need; for example, a compass, to "cut across the country by
		the most direct road", so that she could surmount mountains, rivers, and valleys. Her final step was to
		integrate steam with the "art of flying".<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-ABCL-6">[6]</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>Ada Byron had an affair with a tutor in early 1833. She tried to elope with him after she was caught, but the tutor's
	relatives recognised her and contacted her mother. Lady Byron and her friends covered the incident up to prevent a
	public scandal.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999120%E2%80%9321-23">[23]</a>
	Lovelace never met her younger half-sister, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegra_Byron">Allegra</a>, the
	daughter of Lord Byron and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Clairmont">Claire Clairmont</a>. Allegra
	died in 1822 at the age of five. Lovelace did have some contact with <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Medora_Leigh">Elizabeth Medora Leigh</a>, the daughter of Byron's
	half-sister Augusta Leigh, who purposely avoided Lovelace as much as possible when introduced at court.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972155-24">[24]</a></p>
<h3><strong>Adult years</strong></h3>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ada_Lovelace_portrait.jpg/220px-Ada_Lovelace_portrait.jpg"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ada_Lovelace_portrait.jpg/330px-Ada_Lovelace_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ada_Lovelace_portrait.jpg/440px-Ada_Lovelace_portrait.jpg 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="220"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Watercolour portrait of Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, circa 1840, possibly by <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Edward_Chalon">Alfred Edward Chalon</a></p>

<p>Lovelace became close friends with her tutor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Somerville">Mary
		Somerville</a>, who introduced her to Charles Babbage in 1833. She had a strong respect and affection for
	Somerville,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999138%E2%80%9340-25">[25]</a> and
	they corresponded for many years. Other acquaintances included the scientists <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Crosse">Andrew Crosse</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brewster">Sir David Brewster</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday">Michael Faraday</a> and the author <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>. She was <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debutante">presented at Court</a> at the age of seventeen "and became a
	popular belle of the season" in part because of her "brilliant mind."<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972138-26">[26]</a> By 1834 Ada was a
	regular at Court and started attending various events. She danced often and was able to charm many people, and was
	described by most people as being dainty, although <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hobhouse,_1st_Baron_Broughton">John Hobhouse</a>, Byron's friend,
	described her as "a large, coarse-skinned young woman but with something of my friend's features, particularly the
	mouth".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972138%E2%80%9339-27">[27]</a>
	This description followed their meeting on 24 February 1834 in which Ada made it clear to Hobhouse that she did not
	like him, probably due to her mother's influence, which led her to dislike all of her father's friends. This first
	impression was not to last, and they later became friends.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972139-28">[28]</a></p>

<p>On 8 July 1835, she married <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_King,_1st_Earl_of_Lovelace">William, 8th
		Baron King</a>, becoming Lady King.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-29">[29]</a>
	They had three homes: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ockham_Park">Ockham Park</a>, Surrey; a Scottish estate
	on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torridon">Loch Torridon</a> in <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross-shire">Ross-shire</a>; and a house in London. They spent their
	honeymoon at Worthy Manor in Ashley Combe near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porlock_Weir">Porlock
		Weir</a>, Somerset. The Manor had been built as a hunting lodge in 1799 and was improved by King in preparation
	for their honeymoon. It later became their summer retreat and was further improved during this time. From 1845, the
	family's main house was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Horsley">East Horsley</a> Towers, rebuilt in the
	<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_Gothic">Victorian Gothic</a> fashion by the architect of the Houses
	of Parliament, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barry">Charles Barry</a>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-31">[31]</a></p>

<p>They had three children: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron_King-Noel,_Viscount_Ockham">Byron</a> (born 12
	May 1836); <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Anne_Blunt">Anne Isabella</a> (called Annabella; born 22
	September 1837); and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_King-Milbanke,_2nd_Earl_of_Lovelace">Ralph
		Gordon</a> (born 2 July 1839). Immediately after the birth of Annabella, Lady King experienced "a tedious and
	suffering illness, which took months to cure."<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972139-28">[28]</a> Ada was a
	descendant of the extinct <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Lovelace">Barons Lovelace</a> and in 1838,
	her husband was made <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Lovelace">Earl of Lovelace</a> and Viscount
	Ockham,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-32">[32]</a> meaning Ada became the Countess of
	Lovelace.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 1843–44, Ada's mother
	assigned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Benjamin_Carpenter">William Benjamin Carpenter</a> to teach
	Ada's children and to act as a "moral" instructor for Ada.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999285%E2%80%9386-34">[34]</a> He
	quickly fell for her and encouraged her to express any frustrated affections, claiming that his marriage meant he
	would never act in an "unbecoming" manner. When it became clear that Carpenter was trying to start an affair, Ada
	cut it off.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999289%E2%80%9396-35">[35]</a></p>

<p>In 1841, Lovelace and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Medora_Leigh">Medora Leigh</a> (the daughter
	of Lord Byron's half-sister Augusta Leigh) were told by Ada's mother that her father was also Medora's father.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972159-36">[36]</a> On 27 February
	1841, Ada wrote to her mother: "I am not in the least <i>astonished</i>. In fact, you merely <i>confirm</i> what I
	have for <i>years and years</i> felt scarcely a doubt about, but should have considered it most improper in me to
	hint to you that I in any way suspected."<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972160-37">[37]</a> She did not blame
	the incestuous relationship on Byron, but instead blamed Augusta Leigh: "I fear she is more inherently wicked than
	he ever was."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1961431-38">[38]</a> In the
	1840s, Ada flirted with scandals: firstly, from a relaxed approach to extra-marital relationships with men, leading
	to rumours of affairs;<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999302-39">[39]</a> and secondly,
	from her love of gambling. She apparently lost more than £3,000 on the horses during the later 1840s.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The gambling led to her forming a
	syndicate with male friends, and an ambitious attempt in 1851 to create a mathematical model for successful large
	bets. This went disastrously wrong, leaving her thousands of pounds in debt to the syndicate, forcing her to admit
	it all to her husband.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999340%E2%80%9342-41">[41]</a> She
	had a shadowy relationship with Andrew Crosse's son John from 1844 onwards. John Crosse destroyed most of their
	correspondence after her death as part of a legal agreement. She bequeathed him the only heirlooms her father had
	personally left to her.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999336%E2%80%9337-42">[42]</a> During
	her final illness, she would panic at the idea of the younger Crosse being kept from visiting her.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999361-43">[43]</a></p>
<h3><strong>Education</strong></h3>

<p>Throughout her illnesses, she continued her education.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198528%E2%80%9330-44">[44]</a> Her
	mother's obsession with rooting out any of the insanity of which she accused Byron was one of the reasons that Ada
	was taught mathematics from an early age. She was privately schooled in mathematics and science by <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Frend_(social_reformer)">William Frend</a>, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_King_(physician)">William King</a>,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-williamkings-45">[a]</a> and <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Somerville">Mary Somerville</a>, the noted 19th-century researcher and
	scientific author. One of her later tutors was the mathematician and logician <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_De_Morgan">Augustus De Morgan</a>. From 1832, when she was
	seventeen, her mathematical abilities began to emerge,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTETurney1972138-26">[26]</a> and her interest
	in mathematics dominated the majority of her adult life. In a letter to Lady Byron, De Morgan suggested that her
	daughter's skill in mathematics could lead her to become "an original mathematical investigator, perhaps of
	first-rate eminence".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198582-46">[45]</a>
</p>

<p>Lovelace often questioned basic assumptions by integrating poetry and science. While studying <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_calculus">differential calculus</a>, she wrote to De Morgan:
</p>
<blockquote>

	<p>I may remark that the curious transformations many formulae can undergo, the unsuspected and to a beginner
		apparently impossible identity of forms exceedingly dissimilar at first sight, is I think one of the chief
		difficulties in the early part of mathematical studies. I am often reminded of certain sprites and fairies one
		reads of, who are at one's elbows in <i>one</i> shape now, and the next minute in a form most dissimilar<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToole199899-47">[46]</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>Lovelace believed that intuition and imagination were critical to effectively applying mathematical and scientific
	concepts. She valued <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics">metaphysics</a> as much as mathematics,
	viewing both as tools for exploring "the unseen worlds around us".<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToole199891%E2%80%93100-48">[47]</a></p>
<h3><strong>Death</strong></h3>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ada_Lovelace_in_1852.jpg/220px-Ada_Lovelace_in_1852.jpg"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ada_Lovelace_in_1852.jpg/330px-Ada_Lovelace_in_1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ada_Lovelace_in_1852.jpg/440px-Ada_Lovelace_in_1852.jpg 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="220"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Painting of Lovelace seated at a piano, by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wyndham_Phillips">Henry
		Phillips</a> (1852). Although in great pain at the time, she agreed to sit for the painting as her father, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron">Lord Byron</a>, had been painted by Phillips' father, <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Phillips">Thomas Phillips</a>.</p>

<p>Lovelace died at the age of 36&nbsp;– the same age at which her father had died&nbsp;– on 27 November 1852,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-49">[48]</a> from <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_cancer">uterine cancer</a> probably exacerbated by <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodletting">bloodletting</a> by her physicians.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaum198699%E2%80%93100-50">[49]</a> The
	illness lasted several months, in which time Annabella took command over whom Ada saw, and excluded all of her
	friends and confidants. Under her mother's influence, she had a religious transformation and was coaxed into
	repenting of her previous conduct and making Annabella her executor.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999370-51">[50]</a> She lost contact
	with her husband after confessing something to him on 30 August which caused him to abandon her bedside. It is not
	known what she told him.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999369-52">[51]</a> She was buried,
	at her request, next to her father at the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_Magdalene,_Hucknall">Church of St. Mary Magdalene</a> in
	Hucknall, Nottinghamshire. A memorial plaque in Latin to her and her father is in the chapel attached to Horsley
	Towers.</p>
<h2>Work</h2>

<p>Throughout her life, Lovelace was strongly interested in scientific developments and fads of the day, including <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology">phrenology</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999198-53">[52]</a> and <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesmerism">mesmerism</a>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999232%E2%80%9333-54">[53]</a> After
	her work with Babbage, Lovelace continued to work on other projects. In 1844 she commented to a friend Woronzow
	Greig about her desire to create a mathematical model for how the brain gives rise to thoughts and nerves to
	feelings ("a calculus of the nervous system").<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999305-55">[54]</a> She never
	achieved this, however. In part, her interest in the brain came from a long-running pre-occupation, inherited from
	her mother, about her 'potential' madness. As part of her research into this project, she visited the electrical
	engineer Andrew Crosse in 1844 to learn how to carry out electrical experiments.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999310%E2%80%9314-56">[55]</a> In the
	same year, she wrote a review of a paper by Baron <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Reichenbach">Karl
		von Reichenbach</a>, <i>Researches on Magnetism</i>, but this was not published and does not appear to have
	progressed past the first draft.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999315%E2%80%9317-57">[56]</a> In
	1851, the year before her cancer struck, she wrote to her mother mentioning "certain productions" she was working on
	regarding the relation of maths and music.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999335-58">[57]</a></p>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ada_Lovelace.jpg/220px-Ada_Lovelace.jpg" alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ada_Lovelace.jpg/330px-Ada_Lovelace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ada_Lovelace.jpg/440px-Ada_Lovelace.jpg 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="220"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Portrait of Ada by British painter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Sarah_Carpenter">Margaret Sarah
		Carpenter</a> (1836)</p>

<p>Lovelace first met <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage">Charles Babbage</a> in June 1833, through
	their mutual friend Mary Somerville. Later that month Babbage invited Lovelace to see the prototype for his <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_engine">difference engine</a>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToole199836%E2%80%9338-59">[58]</a> She
	became fascinated with the machine and used her relationship with Somerville to visit Babbage as often as she could.
	Babbage was impressed by Lovelace's intellect and analytic skills. He called her "The Enchantress of Number".<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-Number-60">[59]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-enchantress-61">[b]</a> In 1843 he wrote to her:</p>
<blockquote>

	<p>Forget this world and all its troubles and if possible its multitudinous Charlatans—every thing in short but the
		Enchantress of Number.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-Number-60">[59]</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>During a nine-month period in 1842–43, Lovelace translated the Italian mathematician <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Menabrea">Luigi Menabrea</a>'s article on Babbage's newest proposed
	machine, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine">Analytical Engine</a>. With the article, she
	appended a set of notes.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenabrea1843-62">[60]</a> Explaining the
	Analytical Engine's function was a difficult task, as even many other scientists did not really grasp the concept
	and the British establishment had shown little interest in it.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999265-63">[61]</a> Lovelace's notes
	even had to explain how the Analytical Engine differed from the original Difference Engine.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999267-64">[62]</a> Her work was well
	received at the time; the scientist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday">Michael Faraday</a>
	described himself as a supporter of her writing.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999307-65">[63]</a></p>

<p>The notes are around three times longer than the article itself and include (in <i>Note G</i>),<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-fourmilab.ch-66">[64]</a> in complete detail, a
	method for calculating a sequence of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_numbers">Bernoulli numbers</a>
	using the Analytical Engine, which might have run correctly had it ever been built<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-adaslegacy-67">[65]</a> (only Babbage's Difference
	Engine has been built, completed in London in 2002).<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-68">[66]</a> Based on this work, Lovelace is now
	widely considered to be the first computer programmer<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis2003-2">[2]</a> and her method is
	recognised as the world's first computer program.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-69">[67]</a></p>

<p><i>Note G</i> also contains Lovelace's dismissal of <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>. She wrote that "The
	Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to <i>originate</i> anything. It can do <i>whatever we know how to
		order it</i> to perform. It can follow analysis; but it has no power of anticipating any analytical relations or
	truths." This objection has been the subject of much debate and rebuttal, for example by <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing">Alan Turing</a> in his paper "<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_Machinery_and_Intelligence">Computing Machinery and
		Intelligence</a>".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-70">[68]</a></p>

<p>Lovelace and Babbage had a minor falling out when the papers were published, when he tried to leave his own statement
	(criticising the government's treatment of his Engine) as an unsigned preface, which could have been mistakenly
	interpreted as a joint declaration. When <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(editor)">Taylor</a>'s <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Memoirs"><i>Scientific Memoirs</i></a> ruled that the statement
	should be signed, Babbage wrote to Lovelace asking her to withdraw the paper. This was the first that she knew he
	was leaving it unsigned, and she wrote back refusing to withdraw the paper. The historian <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Woolley">Benjamin Woolley</a> theorised that: "His actions
	suggested he had so enthusiastically sought Ada's involvement, and so happily indulged her&nbsp;... because of her
	'celebrated name'."<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999277%E2%80%9380-71">[69]</a> Their
	friendship recovered, and they continued to correspond. On 12 August 1851, when she was dying of cancer, Lovelace
	wrote to him asking him to be her executor, though this letter did not give him the necessary legal authority. Part
	of the terrace at Worthy Manor was known as <i>Philosopher's Walk</i>, as it was there that Lovelace and Babbage
	were reputed to have walked while discussing mathematical principles.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999307-65">[63]</a></p>
<h3><strong>First computer program</strong></h3>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Diagram_for_the_computation_of_Bernoulli_numbers.jpg/220px-Diagram_for_the_computation_of_Bernoulli_numbers.jpg"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Diagram_for_the_computation_of_Bernoulli_numbers.jpg/330px-Diagram_for_the_computation_of_Bernoulli_numbers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Diagram_for_the_computation_of_Bernoulli_numbers.jpg/440px-Diagram_for_the_computation_of_Bernoulli_numbers.jpg 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="220"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>Lovelace's diagram from "note G", the first published computer <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm">algorithm</a></p>

<p>In 1840, Babbage was invited to give a seminar at the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Turin">University of Turin</a> about his Analytical Engine. <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Menabrea">Luigi Menabrea</a>, a young Italian engineer and the future
	<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a>, transcribed Babbage's
	lecture into French, and this transcript was subsequently published in the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_universelle_de_Gen%C3%A8ve">Bibliothèque universelle de
		Genève</a> in October 1842. Babbage's friend <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone">Charles
		Wheatstone</a> commissioned Ada Lovelace to translate Menabrea's paper into English. She then augmented the
	paper with notes, which were added to the translation. Ada Lovelace spent the better part of a year doing this,
	assisted with input from Babbage. These notes, which are more extensive than Menabrea's paper, were then published
	in the September 1843 edition of Taylor's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Memoirs"><i>Scientific
			Memoirs</i></a> under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialism">initialism</a> <i>AAL</i>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-72">[70]</a></p>

<p>Ada Lovelace's notes were labelled alphabetically from A to G. In note G, she describes an <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm">algorithm</a> for the Analytical Engine to compute <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_number">Bernoulli numbers</a>. It is considered to be the first
	published algorithm ever specifically tailored for implementation on a computer, and Ada Lovelace has often been
	cited as the first computer programmer for this reason.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-74">[72]</a> The engine was never completed so her
	program was never tested.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKimToole1999-75">[73]</a></p>

<p>In 1953, more than a century after her death, Ada Lovelace's notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine were republished as
	an appendix to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.V._Bowden">B.V. Bowden</a>'s <i>Faster than Thought: A
		Symposium on Digital Computing Machines</i>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-76">[74]</a> The engine has now been recognised as an
	early model for a computer and her notes as a description of a computer and software.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-adaslegacy-67">[65]</a></p>
<h3><strong>Insight into potential of computing devices</strong></h3>

<p>In her notes, Lovelace emphasised the difference between the Analytical Engine and previous calculating machines,
	particularly its ability to be programmed to solve problems of any complexity.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToole1998175%E2%80%9382-77">[75]</a> She
	realised the potential of the device extended far beyond mere number crunching. In her notes, she wrote:</p>
<blockquote>

	<p>[The Analytical Engine] might act upon other things besides <i>number</i>, were objects found whose mutual
		fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the abstract science of operations, and which should be
		also susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating notation and mechanism of the engine...Supposing,
		for instance, that the fundamental relations of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and of musical
		composition were susceptible of such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and
		scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent.<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-78">[76]</a><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-79">[77]</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>This analysis was an important development from previous ideas about the capabilities of computing devices and
	anticipated the implications of modern computing one hundred years before they were realised. <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a> ascribes Lovelace's insight regarding
	the application of computing to <i>any</i> process based on logical symbols to an observation about textiles: "When
	she saw some mechanical looms that used <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_cards">punchcards</a> to
	direct the weaving of beautiful <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern">patterns</a>, it reminded her of how
	Babbage's engine used punched cards to make calculations."<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-Isaacson-80">[78]</a> This insight is seen as
	significant by writers such as Betty Toole and Benjamin Woolley, as well as the programmer <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Graham-Cumming">John Graham-Cumming</a>, whose project Plan 28 has the
	aim of constructing the first complete Analytical Engine.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToole19982%E2%80%933,_14-81">[79]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999272%E2%80%9377-82">[80]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-83">[81]</a></p>

<p>According to the historian of computing and Babbage specialist <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doron_Swade">Doron Swade</a>:</p>
<blockquote>

	<p>Ada saw something that Babbage in some sense failed to see. In Babbage's world his engines were bound by
		number...What Lovelace saw—what Ada Byron saw—was that number could represent entities other than quantity. So
		once you had a machine for manipulating numbers, if those numbers represented other things, letters, musical
		notes, then the machine could manipulate symbols of which number was one instance, according to rules. It is
		this fundamental transition from a machine which is a number cruncher to a machine for manipulating symbols
		according to rules that is the fundamental transition from calculation to computation—to general-purpose
		computation—and looking back from the present high ground of modern computing, if we are looking and sifting
		history for that transition, then that transition was made explicitly by Ada in that 1843 paper.<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis2003-2">[2]</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h3><strong>Controversy over her actual contribution</strong></h3>

<p>Though Lovelace is referred to as the first computer programmer, some biographers, computer scientists and historians
	of computing claim otherwise.</p>

<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Bromley_(historian)">Allan G. Bromley</a>, in the 1990 article
	<i>Difference and Analytical Engines</i>:</p>
<blockquote>

	<p>All but one of the programs cited in her notes had been prepared by Babbage from three to seven years earlier.
		The exception was prepared by Babbage for her, although she did detect a 'bug' in it. Not only is there no
		evidence that Ada ever prepared a program for the Analytical Engine, but her correspondence with Babbage shows
		that she did not have the knowledge to do so.<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-84">[82]</a></p>
</blockquote>

<p>Bruce Collier, who later wrote a biography of Babbage, wrote in his 1970 <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University">Harvard University</a> PhD thesis that Lovelace "made a
	considerable contribution to publicizing the Analytical Engine, but there is no evidence that she advanced the
	design or theory of it in any way".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-85">[83]</a></p>

<p>Eugene Eric Kim and Betty Alexandra Toole consider it "incorrect" to regard Lovelace as the first computer
	programmer, as Babbage wrote the initial programs for his Analytical Engine, although the majority were never
	published.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKimToole199976-86">[84]</a> Bromley
	notes several dozen sample programs prepared by Babbage between 1837 and 1840, all substantially predating
	Lovelace's notes.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-87">[85]</a> <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_K._Stein">Dorothy K. Stein</a> regards Lovelace's notes as "more a
	reflection of the mathematical uncertainty of the author, the political purposes of the inventor, and, above all, of
	the social and cultural context in which it was written, than a blueprint for a scientific development".<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-88">[86]</a></p>

<p>In his book, <i>Idea Makers</i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wolfram">Stephen Wolfram</a> defends
	Lovelace's contributions. While acknowledging that Babbage wrote several unpublished algorithms for the Analytical
	Engine prior to Lovelace's notes, Wolfram argues that "there's nothing as sophisticated—or as clean—as Ada's
	computation of the Bernoulli numbers. Babbage certainly helped and commented on Ada's work, but she was definitely
	the driver of it." Wolfram then suggests that Lovelace's main achievement was to distill from Babbage's
	correspondence "a clear exposition of the abstract operation of the machine—something which Babbage never did."[<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><i>citation needed</i></a>]</p>

<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doron_Swade">Doron Swade</a>, a specialist on <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing">history of computing</a> known for his work on
	Babbage, analysed four claims about Lovelace during a lecture on Babbage's analytical engine:</p>
<ol>
	<li>She was a mathematical genius</li>
	<li>She made an influential contribution to the analytical engine</li>
	<li>She was the first computer programmer</li>
	<li>She was a prophet of the computer age</li>
</ol>

<p>According to him, only the fourth claim had "any substance at all". He explained that Ada was only a "promising
	beginner" instead of genius in mathematics, that she began studying basic concepts of mathematics five years after
	Babbage conceived the analytical engine so she could not have made important contributions to it, and that she only
	published the first computer program instead of actually writing it. But he agrees that Ada was the only person to
	see the potential of the analytical engine as a machine capable of expressing entities other than quantities.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-89">[87]</a></p>
<h2>In popular culture</h2>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ada_Lovelace_color.svg/170px-Ada_Lovelace_color.svg.png"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ada_Lovelace_color.svg/255px-Ada_Lovelace_color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Ada_Lovelace_color.svg/340px-Ada_Lovelace_color.svg.png 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="170"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>An illustration inspired by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._E._Chalon">A. E. Chalon</a> portrait
	created for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Initiative">Ada Initiative</a>, which supported open
	technology and women</p>
<h3><strong>1810s</strong></h3>

<p>Lord Byron wrote in 1816 the poem <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fare_Thee_Well_(poem)">Fare Thee Well</a> to
	his wife <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Byron">Lady Byron</a> after their separation after the birth of
	<strong>Ada Lovelace</strong> (born in 10 December 1815), about her he wrote in the poem:</p>

<p>And when thou wouldst solace gather, When our child’s first accents flow, Wilt thou teach her to say ‘Father!’ Though
	his care she must forego?</p>

<p>When her little hands shall press thee, When her lip to thine is press’d, Think of him whose prayer shall bless thee,
	Think of him thy love had bless’d! 40</p>

<p>Should her lineaments resemble Those thou never more may’st see, Then thy heart will softly tremble With a pulse yet
	true to me.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-90">[88]</a></p>
<h3><strong>1970s</strong></h3>

<p>Lovelace has been portrayed in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romulus_Linney_(playwright)">Romulus
		Linney</a>'s 1977 play <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childe_Byron"><i>Childe Byron</i></a>,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-91">[89]</a></p>
<h3><strong>1990s</strong></h3>

<p>In the 1990 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steampunk">steampunk</a> novel <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Difference_Engine"><i>The Difference Engine</i></a> by <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Gibson">William Gibson</a> and <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a>,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Ada Lovelace delivers a lecture on the
	"punched cards" programme that proves <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems">two theorems</a>, the discovery
	that, in reality, would not be made until 1931 by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del">Kurt
		Gödel</a>.</p>

<p>In the 1997 film <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceiving_Ada"><i>Conceiving Ada</i></a><i>,</i><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-93">[91]</a> a computer scientist obsessed with
	Countess Ada Lovelace finds a way of communicating with Lovelace in the past by means of "undying information
	waves".</p>

<p>In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>'s 1993 play <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia_(play)"><i>Arcadia</i></a>, the precocious teenage genius Thomasina
	Coverly (a character "apparently based" on Ada Lovelace—the play also involves <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron">Lord Byron</a>) comes to understand <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_theory">chaos theory</a>, and theorises the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics">second law of thermodynamics</a>, before
	either is officially recognised.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-newyorker13-94">[92]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-95">[93]</a></p>
<h3><strong>2010s</strong></h3>

<p>In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Crowley_(author)">John Crowley</a>'s 2005 novel <i>Lord Byron's Novel:
		The Evening Land</i>, where she is featured as an unseen character whose personality is forcefully depicted in
	her annotations and anti-heroic efforts to archive her father's lost novel.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-96">[94]</a></p>

<p>The 2015 play <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ada_and_the_Memory_Engine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1"><i>Ada
			and the Memory Engine</i></a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Gunderson">Lauren
		Gunderson</a> portrays Lovelace and Charles Babbage in unrequited love, and it imagines a post-death meeting
	between Lovelace and her father.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-kqed-97">[95]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-sfweekly-98">[96]</a></p>

<p>Lovelace and Babbage are the main characters in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Padua">Sydney
		Padua</a>'s webcomic and graphic novel <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thrilling_Adventures_of_Lovelace_and_Babbage"><i>The Thrilling
			Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage</i></a>. The comic features extensive footnotes on the history of Ada
	Lovelace, and many lines of dialogue are drawn from actual correspondence.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-99">[97]</a></p>

<p>Lovelace and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Shelley">Mary Shelley</a> as teenagers are the central
	characters in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Stratford">Jordan Stratford</a>'s steampunk series,
	<i>The Wollstonecraft Detective Agency</i>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-100">[98]</a></p>

<p>Lovelace, identified as Ada Augusta Byron, is portrayed by Lily Lesser in the second season of <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Frankenstein_Chronicles"><i>The Frankenstein Chronicles</i></a>. She is
	employed as an "analyst" to provide the workings of a life-sized humanoid automaton. The brass workings of the
	machine are reminiscent of Babbage's analytical engine. Her employment is described as keeping her occupied until
	she returns to her studies in advanced mathematics.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-101">[99]</a></p>

<p>As of November 2015, all new British passports have included an illustration of Lovelace and Babbage on pages 46 and
	47.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-102">[100]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-103">[101]</a></p>

<p>In 2017, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Doodle">Google Doodle</a> honoured her on <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day">International Women's Day</a>.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-104">[102]</a></p>

<p>Lovelace and Babbage appear as characters in the second season of the ITV series <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(UK_TV_series)"><i>Victoria</i></a> (2017). <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald_Fennell">Emerald Fennell</a> portrays Lovelace in the episode, "The
	Green-Eyed Monster".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-105">[103]</a></p>

<p>The Cardano platform uses ADA as the name for their cryptocurrency and Lovelace as the smallest sub-unit of an ADA.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-106">[104]</a></p>

<p>On 2 February 2018, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellogic">Satellogic</a>, a high-resolution <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_observation">Earth observation</a> imaging and analytics company,
	launched a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91uSat">ÑuSat</a> type <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_satellite">micro-satellite</a> named in honour of Ada Lovelace.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-107">[105]</a></p>
<h3><strong>2020s</strong></h3>

<p>On 5 January 2020, actress Sylvie Briggs played 1834 Lovelace (the year before her marriage), alongside
	characterizations of Charles Babbage and 1943 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Inayat_Khan">Noor Inayat
		Khan</a> (the year before her murder), in "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyfall_(Doctor_Who)">Spyfall,
		Part 2</a>", the second episode of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Who_(series_12)"><i>Doctor
			Who</i>, series 12</a>.</p>
<h2>Commemoration</h2>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG/170px-AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG/255px-AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG/340px-AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="170"></figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_plaque">Blue plaque</a> to Lovelace in <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._James%27s_Square">St. James's Square</a>, London</p>

<p>The computer language <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)">Ada</a>, created on behalf
	of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense">United States Department of
		Defense</a>, was named after Lovelace.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-108">[106]</a> The reference manual for the language
	was approved on 10 December 1980 and the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Standard">Department of Defense Military Standard</a>
	for the language, <i>MIL-STD-1815</i>, was given the number of the year of her birth.</p>

<p>In 1981, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Women_in_Computing">Association for Women in
		Computing</a> inaugurated its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace_Award">Ada Lovelace
		Award</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-Award-110">[108]</a> Since 1998, the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Computer_Society">British Computer Society</a> (BCS) has awarded the
	<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovelace_Medal">Lovelace Medal</a>,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-111">[109]</a> and in 2008 initiated an annual
	competition for women students.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-BCSWomen-112">[110]</a>
	<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCSWomen">BCSWomen</a> sponsors the Lovelace Colloquium, an annual conference
	for women undergraduates.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-BCSWomen-112">[110]</a> <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_College">Ada College</a> is a further-education college in <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_Hale">Tottenham Hale</a>, London, focused on digital skills.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-113">[111]</a></p>

<p>Ada Lovelace Day is an annual event celebrated on the second Tuesday of October,<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-114">[112]</a> which began in 2009.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-115">[113]</a> Its goal is to "...&nbsp;raise the
	profile of women in science, technology, engineering, and maths," and to "create new role models for girls and
	women" in these fields. Events have included Wikipedia <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edit-a-thons">edit-a-thons</a> with the aim of improving the representation
	of women on Wikipedia in terms of articles and editors to reduce unintended <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_bias_on_Wikipedia">gender bias on Wikipedia</a>. The <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Initiative">Ada Initiative</a> was a non-profit organisation dedicated
	to increasing the involvement of women in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_culture_movement">free
		culture</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software_movement">open source
		movements</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-116">[114]</a></p>

<p>The Engineering in Computer Science and Telecommunications College building in <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaragoza_University">Zaragoza University</a> is called the Ada Byron
	Building.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-117">[115]</a> The computer centre in the
	village of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porlock">Porlock</a>, near where Lovelace lived, is named after
	her. Ada Lovelace House is a council-owned building in <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkby-in-Ashfield">Kirkby-in-Ashfield</a>, Nottinghamshire, near where
	Lovelace spent her infancy; the building, which formerly housed the local district council offices, now provides
	high-quality office space for a number of local start-up businesses.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-119">[117]</a></p>

<p>She is also the inspiration and influence for the Ada Developers Academy in Seattle, Washington. The academy is a
	non-profit that seeks to increase diversity in tech by training women, trans and non-binary people to be software
	engineers.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-120">[118]</a></p>

<p>In 2018, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"><i>The New York Times</i></a> published a belated
	obituary for Ada Lovelace.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-121">[119]</a></p>

<p>On 27 July 2018, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Wyden">Senator Ron Wyden</a> submitted, in the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate">United States Senate</a>, the designation of 9 October
	2018 as National Ada Lovelace Day: "To honor the life and contributions of Ada Lovelace as a leading woman in
	science and mathematics". The resolution (S.Res.592)<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-122">[120]</a> was considered, and agreed to without
	amendment and with a preamble by unanimous consent.</p>
<h2>Bicentenary</h2>

<p>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anniversary">bicentenary</a> of Ada Lovelace's birth was celebrated with a
	number of events, including:<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-123">[121]</a></p>
<ul>
	<li><i>The Ada Lovelace Bicentenary Lectures on </i><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computability"><i>Computability</i></a>, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies">Israel Institute for Advanced
			Studies</a>, 20 December 2015 – 31 January 2016.<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-124">[122]</a><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-125">[123]</a></li>
	<li><i>Ada Lovelace Symposium</i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford">University of
			Oxford</a>, 13–14 October 2015.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-126">[124]</a>
	</li>
	<li><i>Ada.Ada.Ada</i>, a one-woman show about the life and work of Ada Lovelace (using an LED dress), premiered at
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Science_Festival">Edinburgh International Science
			Festival</a> on 11 April 2015,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-127">[125]</a>
		and continues to touring internationally to promote diversity on STEM at technology conferences,<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-128">[126]</a><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-129">[127]</a> businesses, government and
		educational organisations.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-130">[128]</a><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-131">[129]</a></li>
</ul>

<p>Special exhibitions were displayed by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Museum,_London">Science
		Museum</a> in London, England<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-132">[130]</a> and
	the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weston_Library">Weston Library</a><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-133">[131]</a> (part of the <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodleian_Library">Bodleian Library</a>) in <a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford">Oxford</a>, England.</p>
<h2>Publications</h2>
<ul>
	<li>Lovelace, Ada King. <i>Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers: A Selection from the Letters of Lord Byron's Daughter
			and her Description of the First Computer</i>. Mill Valley, CA: Strawberry Press, 1992. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912647098">9780912647098</a>.</li>
	<li>Menabrea, Luigi Federico; Lovelace, Ada (1843). <a href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html">"Sketch of
			the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage... with notes by the translator. Translated by Ada
			Lovelace"</a>. In Richard Taylor (ed.). <i>Scientific Memoirs</i>. <strong>3</strong>. London: Richard and
		John E. Taylor. pp.&nbsp;666–731.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Publication history</h2>

<p>Six copies of the 1843 first edition of <i>Sketch of the Analytical Engine</i> with Ada Lovelace's <i>Notes</i><a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-fourmilab.ch-66">[64]</a> have been located. Three
	are held at Harvard University, one at the University of Oklahoma, and one at the United States Air Force Academy.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-134">[132]</a> On 20 July 2018, the sixth copy was
	sold at auction to an anonymous buyer for £95,000.<a
		href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-135">[133]</a> A digital facsimile of one of the
	copies in the Harvard University Library is available online.</p>
<h2>See also</h2>
<ul>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming"><i><strong>Computer programming
					portal</strong></i></a></li>
</ul>
<figure class="image"><img
		src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png"
		alt="icon"
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/37px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/49px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="24"></figure>
<ul>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography"><i><strong>Biography portal</strong></i></a></li>
</ul>
<figure class="image"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png"
		alt=""
		srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x"
		sizes="100vw" width="28"></figure>
<ul>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code:_Debugging_the_Gender_Gap"><i>Code: Debugging the Gender Gap</i></a>
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lives#Series_31,_August_%E2%80%93_October_2013"><i>Great Lives</i>
			§&nbsp;Series 31, August – October 2013</a> — the episode aired on 17 September 2013 was dedicated to the
		story of Ada Lovelace<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_note-136">[134]</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science">List of pioneers in computer
			science</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_women_in_science">Timeline of women in science</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_computing">Women in computing</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_STEM_fields">Women in STEM fields</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai-Da_(robot)">Ai-Da (robot)</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Notes</h2>
<ol>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-williamkings_45-0"><strong>^</strong></a> William
		King, her tutor, and William King, her future husband, were not related.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-enchantress_61-0"><strong>^</strong></a> Some
		writers give it as "Enchantress of Numbers".</li>
</ol>
<h2>References</h2>
<ol>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-blogbutfromboldian_1-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/adalovelace/2015/10/14/only-known-photographs-of-ada-lovelace-in-bodleian-display/">"Only
			known photographs of Ada Lovelace in Bodleian Display"</a>. <i>Bodleian</i>. 2015. Retrieved 10 October
		2017.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis2003_2-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis2003_2-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis2003_2-2"><i><strong>c</strong></i></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFFuegiFrancis2003">Fuegi &amp; Francis 2003</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-3"><strong>^</strong></a> Phillips, Ana Lena
		(November–December 2011). <a
			href="https://www.americanscientist.org/article/crowdsourcing-gender-equity">"Crowdsourcing Gender Equity:
			Ada Lovelace Day, and its companion website, aims to raise the profile of women in science and
			technology"</a>. <i>American Scientist</i>. <strong>99</strong> (6): 463.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-Lovelace_Google_4-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/10/ada-lovelace-honoured-google-doodle">"Ada Lovelace
			honoured by Google doodle"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian"><i>The
				Guardian</i></a>. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2012.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-5"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.biography.com/people/ada-lovelace-20825323">"Ada Lovelace Biography"</a>.
		<i>biography.com</i>.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-ABCL_6-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-ABCL_6-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-ABCL_6-2"><i><strong>c</strong></i></a> Toole,
		Betty Alexandra (1987), "Poetical Science", <i>The Byron Journal</i>, <strong>15</strong>: 55–65, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a
			href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Fbj.1987.6">10.3828/bj.1987.6</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-7"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.bartleby.com/205/20.html">"Last leaving England. I. Personal, Lyric, and Elegiac. Lord
			Byron. 1881. Poetry of Byron"</a>. <i>bartleby.com</i>. Retrieved 31 January 2018.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToole1998234%E2%80%93235_8-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFToole1998">Toole 1998</a>, pp.&nbsp;234–235.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToole1998156%E2%80%93157_9-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFToole1998">Toole 1998</a>, pp.&nbsp;156–157.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-10"><strong>^</strong></a> Ventana al Conocimiento
		(9 December 2015). <a
			href="https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/ada-lovelace-original-and-visionary-but-no-programmer/">"Ada Lovelace:
			Original and Visionary, but No Programmer"</a>.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuegiFrancis200319,_25_11-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFFuegiFrancis2003">Fuegi &amp; Francis 2003</a>,
		pp.&nbsp;19, 25.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney197235_12-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney197235_12-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, p.&nbsp;35.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198517_13-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198517_13-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFStein1985">Stein 1985</a>, p.&nbsp;17.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198516_14-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFStein1985">Stein 1985</a>, p.&nbsp;16.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley199980_15-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;80.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney197236%E2%80%9338_16-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, pp.&nbsp;36–38.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley199974%E2%80%9377_17-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;74–77.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-Turney_p._138_18-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, p.&nbsp;138.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley199910_19-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;10.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley199985%E2%80%9387_20-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;85–87.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley199986_21-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;86.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999119_22-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;119.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999120%E2%80%9321_23-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;120–21.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972155_24-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, p.&nbsp;155.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999138%E2%80%9340_25-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;138–40.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972138_26-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972138_26-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, p.&nbsp;138.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972138%E2%80%9339_27-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, pp.&nbsp;138–39.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972139_28-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972139_28-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, p.&nbsp;139.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-29"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.thepeerage.com/p2744.htm#i27434">"Hon. Ada Augusta Byron"</a>. <i>The Peerage</i>. 31
		January 2012.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-30"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol3/pp349-352"><i>A History of the County of Surrey:
				Volume 3. Parishes: East Horsley</i></a>. Retrieved 26 February 2017. Horsley Towers is a large house
		standing in a park of 300 acres, the seat of the Earl of Lovelace. The old house was rebuilt about 1745. The
		present house was built by Sir Charles Barry for Mr. Currie on a new site, between 1820 and 1829, in Elizabethan
		style. Mr. Currie, who owned the combined manors, 1784–1829, rebuilt most of the houses in the village and
		restored the church.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-31"><strong>^</strong></a> Wright, Brian (28
		October 2015). <i>Andrew Crosse and the mite that shocked the world: The life and work of an electrical
			pioneer</i>. Matador. p.&nbsp;262. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781784624385">9781784624385</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-32"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/lovelace1838.htm">"Lovelace, Earl of"</a>. Cracroft's
		Peerage. 2005.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-33"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://newspaperarchive.com/entertainment-clipping-apr-09-1841-1422479/">"New York Fifty Years
			Ago"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macon_Georgia_Telegraph"><i>Macon Georgia
				Telegraph</i></a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macon,_Georgia">Macon, Georgia</a>. 9 April
		1841. p.&nbsp;3 – via <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewspaperArchive.com">NewspaperArchive.com</a>.
	</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999285%E2%80%9386_34-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;285–86.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999289%E2%80%9396_35-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;289–96.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972159_36-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, p.&nbsp;159.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETurney1972160_37-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFTurney1972">Turney 1972</a>, p.&nbsp;160.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1961431_38-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFMoore1961">Moore 1961</a>, p.&nbsp;431.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999302_39-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;302.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-40"><strong>^</strong></a> Schaffer, Simon. <a
			href="http://www.hrc.wmin.ac.uk/theory-babbagesdancer-print.html">"Babbage's Dancer"</a>. the hypermedia
		research centre. Retrieved 4 August 2017.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999340%E2%80%9342_41-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;340–42.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999336%E2%80%9337_42-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;336–37.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999361_43-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;361.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198528%E2%80%9330_44-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFStein1985">Stein 1985</a>, pp.&nbsp;28–30.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198582_46-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFStein1985">Stein 1985</a>, p.&nbsp;82.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToole199899_47-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFToole1998">Toole 1998</a>, p.&nbsp;99.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToole199891%E2%80%93100_48-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFToole1998">Toole 1998</a>, pp.&nbsp;91–100.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-49"><strong>^</strong></a> "December 1852 1a *
		MARYLEBONE&nbsp;– Augusta Ada Lovelace", <i>Register of Deaths</i>, GRO.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaum198699%E2%80%93100_50-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFBaum1986">Baum 1986</a>, pp.&nbsp;99–100.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999370_51-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;370.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999369_52-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;369.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999198_53-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;198.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999232%E2%80%9333_54-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;232–33.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999305_55-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;305.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999310%E2%80%9314_56-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;310–14.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999315%E2%80%9317_57-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;315–17.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999335_58-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;335.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToole199836%E2%80%9338_59-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFToole1998">Toole 1998</a>, pp.&nbsp;36–38.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-Number_60-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-Number_60-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wolfram">Wolfram, Stephen</a> (10 December 2015). <a
			href="http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2015/12/untangling-the-tale-of-ada-lovelace/">"Untangling the Tale of
			Ada Lovelace"</a>. Then, on Sept. 9, Babbage wrote to Ada, expressing his admiration for her and (famously)
		describing her as 'Enchantress of Number' and 'my dear and much admired Interpreter'. (Yes, despite what's often
		quoted, he wrote 'Number' not 'Numbers'.)</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenabrea1843_62-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFMenabrea1843">Menabrea 1843</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999265_63-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;265.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999267_64-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;267.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999307_65-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999307_65-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, p.&nbsp;307.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-fourmilab.ch_66-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-fourmilab.ch_66-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		<a href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html">"Sketch of <i>The Analytical Engine</i>, with notes upon
			the Memoir by the Translator"</a>. Switzerland: fourmilab.ch. October 1842. Retrieved 28 March 2014.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-adaslegacy_67-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-adaslegacy_67-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a>
		Hammerman, Robin; Russell, Andrew L., eds. (2015). <i>Ada's Legacy: Cultures of Computing from the Victorian to
			the Digital Age</i>. Morgan &amp; Claypool. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a
			href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2809523">10.1145/2809523</a>. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-97000-149-5">978-1-97000-149-5</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-68"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage">"The Babbage Engine"</a>. Computer History Museum. 2008.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-69"><strong>^</strong></a> Gleick, J. (2011) <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Information:_A_History,_a_Theory,_a_Flood"><i>The Information: A
				History, a Theory, a Flood</i></a>, London, Fourth Estate, pp. 116–118.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-70"><strong>^</strong></a> Turing, Alan (2004).
		Stuart Shieber (ed.). <a
			href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CEMYUU_HFMAC&amp;pg=PA67&amp;f=false"><i>Computing Machinery and
				Intelligence</i></a>. <i>The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence</i>. MIT
		Press. pp.&nbsp;67–104.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999277%E2%80%9380_71-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFWoolley1999">Woolley 1999</a>, pp.&nbsp;277–80.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-72"><strong>^</strong></a> Green, Christopher
		(2001). <a href="http://www.yorku.ca/christo/papers/Babbage-CogSci.htm">"Charles Babbage, the Analytical Engine,
			and the Possibility of a 19th-Century Cognitive Science"</a>. York University. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-73"><strong>^</strong></a> Simonite, Tom (24 March
		2009). <a
			href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327073325/https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/03/ada-lovelace-day.html">"Short
			Sharp Science: Celebrating Ada Lovelace: the 'world's first programmer'"</a>. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Scientist"><i>New Scientist</i></a>. Archived from <a
			href="https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/03/ada-lovelace-day.html">the original</a>
		on 27 March 2009.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-74"><strong>^</strong></a> Parker, Matt (2014).
		<i>Things to Make and Do in the Fourth Dimension</i>. Farrar, Straus &amp; Giroux. p.&nbsp;261. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0374275653">0374275653</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKimToole1999_75-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFKimToole1999">Kim &amp; Toole 1999</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-76"><strong>^</strong></a> Bowden, B.V., ed.
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	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToole1998175%E2%80%9382_77-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFToole1998">Toole 1998</a>, pp.&nbsp;175–82.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-78"><strong>^</strong></a> Lovelace, Ada; Menabrea,
		Luigi (1842). "Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage Esq". <a
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		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#CITEREFToole1998">Toole 1998</a>, pp.&nbsp;2–3, 14.</li>
	<li><a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoolley1999272%E2%80%9377_82-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-83"><strong>^</strong></a> Kent, Leo (17 September
		2012). <a
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKimToole199976_86-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
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		(July–September 1982). <a href="http://athena.union.edu/~hemmendd/Courses/cs80/an-engine.pdf">"Charles Babbage's
			Analytical Engine, 1838"</a> (pdf). <i>IEEE Annals of the History of Computing</i>. <strong>4</strong> (3):
		197–217. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-88"><strong>^</strong></a> Stein, Dorothy K.
		(1984). "Lady Lovelace's Notes: Technical Text and Cultural Context". <i>Victorian Studies</i>.
		<strong>28</strong> (1): 33–67. p. 34.</li>
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			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doron_Swade">Swade, Doron</a> (12 May 2008). <a
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				2</i></a> (Speech). Talks at Google. Mountain View, CA: Talks at Google via YouTube. Retrieved 29
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			href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Works_of_Lord_Byron_(ed._Coleridge,_Prothero)/Poetry/Volume_3/Poems_of_the_Separation#Fare_Thee_Well">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Works_of_Lord_Byron_(ed._Coleridge,_Prothero)/Poetry/Volume_3/Poems_of_the_Separation#Fare_Thee_Well</a>
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-91"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Klein">Klein, Alvin</a> (13 May 1984). <a
			href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/13/nyregion/theater-in-review-a-lusty-byron-in-rockland.html">"Theatre
			in review: A lusty Byron in Rockland"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"><i>The
				New York Times</i></a>.</li>
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		"The Future Looms: Weaving Women and Cybernetics". In Featherstone, Mike; Burrows, Roger (eds.). <a
			href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXU5aoJL0-QC&amp;pg=PA45"><i>Cyberspace/Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk:
				Cultures of Technological Embodiment</i></a>. SAGE Publications, in association with Theory, Culture
		&amp; Society, School of Human Studies, University of Teesside. pp.&nbsp;45–64. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848609143">9781848609143</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-93"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Holden">Holden, Stephen</a> (26 February 1999). <a
			href="https://www.nytimes.com/library/film/022699ada-film-review.html">"'Conceiving Ada': Calling Byron's
			Daughter, Inventor of a Computer"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"><i>The New
				York Times</i></a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-newyorker13_94-0"><strong>^</strong></a>
		Leithauser, Brad (8 August 2013). <a
			href="https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/tom-stoppards-arcadia-at-twenty">"Tom Stoppard's
			'Arcadia,' at Twenty"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker"><i>The New Yorker</i></a>.
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-95"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.tomw.net.au/arcadia.txt">Profile</a>, Gale Edwards, 1994, Director of "Arcadia" for the
		Sydney Theatre Company</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-96"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Straub">Straub, Peter</a> (5 June 2005). <a
			href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110092446/https://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/05/books/bk-straub5">"Byron's
			heir"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times"><i>Los Angeles Times</i></a>. Archived
		from <a href="http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/05/books/bk-straub5">the original</a> on 10 November 2013.
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-kqed_97-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906141059/https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/the-do-list/ada-and-the-memory-engine/">"Ada
			and the Memory Engine"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQED">KQED</a>. Archived from <a
			href="http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/the-do-list/ada-and-the-memory-engine/">the original</a> on 6 September 2015.
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-sfweekly_98-0"><strong>^</strong></a> Costello,
		Elizabeth (22 October 2015). <a
			href="http://www.sfweekly.com/exhibitionist/2015/10/22/ada-and-the-memory-engine-love-by-the-numbers">"Ada
			and the Memory Engine: Love by the Numbers"</a>. <i>SF Weekly</i>. Retrieved 14 November 2015.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-99"><strong>^</strong></a> Doctorow, Cory (5
		October 2009). <a href="http://boingboing.net/2009/10/05/comic-about-ada-love.html">"Comic about Ada Lovelace
			and Charles Babbage"</a>. <i>BoingBoing</i>. Retrieved 10 October2014.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-100"><strong>^</strong></a> Moyer, Edward (13 April
		2012). <a href="https://www.cnet.com/uk/news/can-jane-austen-steampunk-spark-girls-science-fire/">"Can Jane
			Austen + steampunk spark girls' science fire?"</a>. Retrieved 26 February 2017.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-101"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7104940/">"Lily Lesser"</a>. IMDb. Retrieved 29 November 2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-102"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/473495/HMPO_magazine.pdf">"Introducing
			the new UK passport design"</a> (PDF). HM Passport Office. Retrieved 20 April 2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-103"><strong>^</strong></a> Office, All
		photographs: HM Passport (3 November 2015). <a
			href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/gallery/2015/nov/03/new-uk-passport-design-in-pictures">"New UK
			passport design – in pictures"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-104"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.google.com/doodles/international-womens-day-2017">"International Women's Day"</a>.
		Retrieved 8 March 2017.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-105"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6327804/">"The Green-Eyed Monster"</a>. IMDb. 14 January 2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-106"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://cardanodocs.com/technical/wallet/api/v1/#section/Monetary-Denomination-and-Units">Cryptocurrency
			named after Ada Lovelace</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-107"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/02/02/china-lofts-earthquake-research-craft-with-cluster-of-smaller-satellites/">"China
			lofts earthquake research craft with cluster of smaller satellites – Spaceflight Now"</a>.
		<i>spaceflightnow.com</i>. Retrieved 4 February 2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-108"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
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			Countess of Lovelace"</a>. <i>IT History Society</i>. 21 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2017.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-109"><strong>^</strong></a> Webster, Valerie J.
		(2000). <a
			href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6z0aAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=the+Augusta+Ada+Lovelace+Award+by+the+Association+for+Women+in+Computing&amp;dq=the+Augusta+Ada+Lovelace+Award+by+the+Association+for+Women+in+Computing&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiHup7Q_vHdAhUG24MKHb1PArM4ChDoAQgoMAA"><i>Awards,
				Honors &amp; Prizes: United States and Canada</i></a>. Gale Group. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-Award_110-0"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://awc-hq.org/ada-lovelace-awards.html">"Association for Women in Computing"</a>. Retrieved 1
		June2017.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-111"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060826081022/https://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.5822">"Lovelace
			Lecture &amp; Medal"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Computer_Society">BCS</a>. Archived
		from <a href="https://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.5822">the original</a> on 26 August 2006.</li>
	<li>^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-BCSWomen_112-0">Jump up
			to:<i><strong>a</strong></i></a> <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-BCSWomen_112-1"><i><strong>b</strong></i></a> <a
			href="http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/cs/lovelace-colloquium/">"BCSWomen Lovelace Colloquium"</a>. UK.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-113"><strong>^</strong></a> Davis, Anna. <a
			href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/education/new-college-in-north-london-will-boost-women-in-tech-sector-a3200201.html">"New
			college in north London 'will boost women in tech sector'"</a>. <i>London Evening Standard</i>. Retrieved 16
		March2016.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-114"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://findingada.com/">"Celebrating women in STEM"</a>. Finding Ada. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-115"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/ada-lovelace-day-first-computer-programmer-forgotten-women-a8557416.html">"Ada
			Lovelace Day: We should never forget the first computer programmer"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 8 October
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			href="http://wikimapia.org/1641862/Ada-Byron-Building">"Ada Byron Building"</a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-118"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.chad.co.uk/news/town-centre-landmark-renovated-to-boost-kirkby-s-economy-1-8538257">"Town-centre
			landmark renovated to boost Kirkby's economy"</a>. <i>Mansfield and Ashfield Chad</i>. 11 May 2017.
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	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-119"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://woodhead-construction.co.uk/ada-lovelace-house-officially-opened/">"Ada Lovelace House Is
			Officially Opened"</a>. Woodhead Construction. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-120"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://adadevelopersacademy.org/">"Ada Developers Academy"</a>. <i>adadevelopersacademy.org</i>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-121"><strong>^</strong></a> Miller, Claire Cain (8
		March 2018). <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/obituaries/overlooked-ada-lovelace.html">"A
			gifted mathematician who is now recognized as the first computer programmer"</a>. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times"><i>The New York Times</i></a>.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-122"><strong>^</strong></a> Ron, Wyden (25 July
		2018). <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-resolution/592">"S.Res.592 – 115th Congress
			(2017–2018): A resolution designating October 9, 2018, as "National Ada Lovelace Day" and honoring the life
			and legacy of Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer"</a>. <i>congress.gov</i>. Retrieved 9 October
		2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-123"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://findingada.com/">"Ada Lovelace Day: Celebrating the achievements of women in science,
			technology, engineering and maths"</a>. <i>FindingAda.com</i>. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-124"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://findingada.com/event/ada-lovelace-bicentenary-lectures-on-computability/">"Ada Lovelace
			Bicentenary Lectures on Computability"</a>. <i>Ada Lovelace Day</i>. FindingAda.com. 20 December 2015 – 31
		January 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-125"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.as.huji.ac.il/adalovelacelectures">"The Ada Lovelace Bicentenary Lectures on
			Computability"</a>. Israel Institute for Advanced Studies. 20 December 2015 – 31 January 2016. Retrieved 11
		January 2016.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-126"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/ada-lovelace-symposium-celebrating-200-years-computer-visionary">"Ada
			Lovelace Symposium – Celebrating 200 Years of a Computer Visionary"</a>. <i>Podcasts</i>. UK: University of
		Oxford. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-127"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.sciencefestival.co.uk/brochure-downloads">"Brochure Downloads"</a>. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Science_Festival"><i>Edinburgh International
				Science Festival</i></a>. Retrieved 9 October 2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-128"><strong>^</strong></a> Busquets, Jordi Pueyo
		(19 April 2018). <a href="https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2018/04/19/actualidad/1524125257_350138.html">"4.400
			bombillas para la silenciada historia de la mujer que escribió la primera 'app' en 1843"</a> [4,400 light
		bulbs for the silenced story of the woman who wrote the first 'app' in 1843]. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs"><i>El País</i></a> (in Spanish). <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a>. Retrieved 9 October 2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-129"><strong>^</strong></a> Gorey, Colm (11 October
		2016). <a href="https://www.siliconrepublic.com/discovery/ada-lovelace-day-zoe-philpott-inspirefest">"Meet the
			woman bringing the magic of Ada Lovelace to the masses"</a>. <i>Silicon Republic</i>. Retrieved 9 October
		2018.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-130"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://adatheshow.com/">"Ada.Ada.Ada"</a>. <i>adatheshow.com</i>. 2016.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-131"><strong>^</strong></a> Scratchweb (16 May
		2017), <a href="https://vimeo.com/217701947"><i>Ada.Ada.Ada</i></a>, retrieved 9 October2018</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-132"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/visitmuseum/Plan_your_visit/exhibitions/ada-lovelace">"Ada
			Lovelace"</a>. UK: Science Museum, London. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-133"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/weston/news/2015/oct-09">"Bodleian Libraries celebrates Ada Lovelace's
			200th birthday with free display and Wikipedia editathons"</a>. UK: <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodleian_Libraries">Bodleian Libraries</a>. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
	</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-134"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990030757610203941/catalog">"Sketch of the analytical engine invented
			by Charles Babbage, Esq"</a>. <i>Harvard University Library</i>. Retrieved 9 April 2019.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-135"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010011141/https://www.mooreallen.co.uk/group/news-events/rare-book-by-worlds-first-computer-programmer-sells-for-95000">"Rare
			book by world's first computer programmer sells for £95,000"</a>. <i>mooreallen.co.uk</i>. 23 July 2018.
		Archived from <a
			href="https://www.mooreallen.co.uk/group/news-events/rare-book-by-worlds-first-computer-programmer-sells-for-95000">the
			original</a> on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2019.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace#cite_ref-136"><strong>^</strong></a> <a
			href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03b0ydy">"Series 31, Konnie Huq on Ada Lovelace"</a>. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lives"><i>Great Lives</i></a>. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Radio_4">BBC Radio 4</a>.</li>
</ol>
<h2>Sources</h2>
<ul>
	<li>Baum, Joan (1986), <a href="https://archive.org/details/calculatingpassi00baum"><i>The Calculating Passion of
				Ada Byron</i></a>, Archon, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-208-02119-9">978-0-208-02119-9</a>.</li>
	<li>Elwin, Malcolm (1975), <i>Lord Byron's Family</i>, John Murray.</li>
	<li>Essinger, James (2014), <i>Ada's algorithm: How Lord Byron's daughter Ada Lovelace launched the digital age</i>,
		Melville House Publishing, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61219-408-0">978-1-61219-408-0</a>.</li>
	<li>Fuegi, J; Francis, J (October–December 2003), "Lovelace &amp; Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'",
		<i>Annals of the History of Computing</i>, <strong>25</strong> (4): 16–26, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a
			href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMAHC.2003.1253887">10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887</a>.</li>
	<li>Hammerman, Robin; Russell, Andrew L. (2015), <i>Ada's Legacy: Cultures of Computing from the Victorian to the
			Digital Age</i>, Association for Computing Machinery and Morgan &amp; Claypool, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a
			href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2809523">10.1145/2809523</a>, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781970001518">9781970001518</a>.</li>
	<li>Isaacson, Walter (2014), <i>The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital
			Revolution</i>, Simon &amp; Schuster.</li>
	<li>Kim, Eugene; Toole, Betty Alexandra (1999). "Ada and the First Computer". <i>Scientific American</i>.
		<strong>280</strong> (5): 76–81. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a
			href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999SciAm.280e..76E">1999SciAm.280e..76E</a>. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a
			href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0599-76">10.1038/scientificamerican0599-76</a>.</li>
	<li>Lewis, Judith S. (July–August 1995). "Princess of Parallelograms and her daughter: Math and gender in the
		nineteenth century English aristocracy". <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Studies_International_Forum"><i>Women's Studies International
				Forum</i></a>. <strong>18</strong> (4): 387–394. <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a
			href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0277-5395%2895%2980030-S">10.1016/0277-5395(95)80030-S</a>.</li>
	<li>Marchand, Leslie (1971), <i>Byron A Portrait</i>, John Murray.</li>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Luigi_Menabrea">Menabrea, Luigi Federico</a> (1843), <a
			href="http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html">"Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles
			Babbage"</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Memoirs"><i>Scientific Memoirs</i></a>,
		<strong>3</strong>, <a
			href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915134651/http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html">archived</a>from
		the original on 15 September 2008, retrieved 29 August 2008With notes upon the memoir by the translator.</li>
	<li>Miller, Clair Cain. <a
			href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/obituaries/overlooked-ada-lovelace.html">"Ada Lovelace,
			1815–1852,"</a> <i>New York Times,</i> 8 March 2018.</li>
	<li>Moore, Doris Langley (1977), <i>Ada, Countess of Lovelace</i>, John Murray, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0_7195_3384_8">0 7195 3384 8</a>.</li>
	<li>Moore, Doris Langley (1961), <i>The Late Lord Byron</i>, Philadelphia: Lippincott, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-013013-8">978-0-06-013013-8</a>, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC">OCLC</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/358063">358063</a>.</li>
	<li>Stein, Dorothy (1985), <a href="https://archive.org/details/adalifeandlegacy00stei"><i>Ada: A Life and a
				Legacy</i></a>, MIT Press Series in the History of Computing, Cambridge, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts">MA</a>: The MIT Press, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-19242-2">978-0-262-19242-2</a>.</li>
	<li>Toole, Betty Alexandra (1992), <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wlZQAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ada, the Enchantress
				of Numbers: A Selection from the Letters of Ada Lovelace, and her Description of the First
				Computer</i></a>, Strawberry Press, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0912647098">978-0912647098</a>.</li>
	<li>Toole, Betty Alexandra (1998), <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gnvZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ada, the Enchantress
				of Numbers: Prophet of the Computer Age</i></a>, Strawberry Press, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0912647180">978-0912647180</a>.</li>
	<li>Turney, Catherine (1972), <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eE1aAAAAMAAJ"><i>Byron's Daughter: A
				Biography of Elizabeth Medora Leigh</i></a>, Scribner, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684127538">978-0684127538</a></li>
	<li>Woolley, Benjamin (February 1999), <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8-sQgAACAAJ"><i>The Bride of
				Science: Romance, Reason, and Byron's Daughter</i></a>, AU: Pan Macmillan, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-72436-1">978-0-333-72436-1</a>, retrieved
		7 April 2013.</li>
	<li>Woolley, Benjamin (February 2002) [1999], <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VGMFAAAACAAJ"><i>The Bride
				of Science: Romance, Reason, and Byron's Daughter</i></a>, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07138860-3">978-0-07138860-3</a>, retrieved 7
		April 2013.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Further reading</h2>
<ul>
	<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Uglow">Jenny Uglow</a>, "Stepping Out of Byron's Shadow" (review of
		<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_Seymour">Miranda Seymour</a>, <i>In Byron's Wake: The Turbulent
			Lives of Byron's Wife and Daughter: Annabella Milbanke and Ada Lovelace</i>, Pegasus, 2018, 547 pp.; and <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Hollings&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Christopher
			Hollings</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_Martin">Ursula Martin</a>, and <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Rice&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">Adrian Rice</a>,
		<i>Ada Lovelace: The Making of a Computer Scientist</i>, Bodleian Library, 2018, 114 pp.), <a
			href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books"><i>The New York Review of Books</i></a>,
		vol. LXV, no. 18 (22 November 2018), pp.&nbsp;30–32.</li>
</ul>
